Which one of the following is NOT a principle of “Panch-sheel” ?

Panchsheel (the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence) expressly comprises: mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; mutual non‑aggression; mutual non‑interference in each other’s internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful co‑existence [2]. Options (2), (3) and (4) therefore reflect direct Panchsheel principles. “Non-alignment” is a separate foreign‑policy stance historically associated with India and often discussed alongside Panchsheel, but it is not one of the five principles themselves; sources note Panchsheel and non‑alignment as distinct contributions of India to international relations [1]. Hence option (1) is NOT a Panchsheel principle.

Sources

1. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 88: Foreign Policy > El l Panchsheel > p. 609
2. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 36: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy > Panchsheel > p. 623