Consider the following events : I. Reign of Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagara. II. Construction of Qutab Minar. III. Arrival of Portuguese in India. IV. Death of Firoz Tughlaq.

The Qutb Minar dates to the early Delhi Sultanate period, being completed by Iltutmish after initial work in the late 12th–early 13th century, so it is the earliest event listed [1]. Firuz (Firoz) Shah Tughlaq’s death occurred in 1388, placing that event well after the Minar’s construction. The Portuguese arrived in India with Vasco da Gama in 1498, coming next chronologically [2]. Finally, Krishnadeva Raya’s reign over Vijayanagara (1509–1529) postdates the Portuguese arrival, making him the latest of the four events. Therefore the correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is II (Qutb Minar), IV (Firoz Tughlaq’s death), III (Portuguese arrival), I (Krishna Deva Raya’s reign).

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Advent of Arabs and Turks > Architecture > p. 152
2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 3: Advent of the Europeans in India > Portuguese Rise and Fall > p. 33