Consider the following statements: 1. The axis of the earth magnetic field is inclined at 23 to the geographic axis of the earth. 2. The earth’s magnetic pole in the northern hemisphere is located on a peninsula in northern Canada. 3. Earth’s magnetic equator passes through Thumna in South India. Which of the statements is/are correct?

Statement 1 is incorrect: the geomagnetic dipole is tilted only about 11° to the Earth's rotational (geographic) axis, not 23° [1]. Statement 2 is correct: the north magnetic pole lies close to the geographic north and has historically been located in the high Arctic of northern Canada (Boothia Peninsula region), consistent with the magnetic north being near geographic north [2]. Statement 3 is also correct: the magnetic equator crosses southern India near Thumba (Thiruvananthapuram), which is why the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station was sited there (near-zero magnetic inclination). Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 5: Earths Magnetic Field (Geomagnetic Field) > Geomagnetic Poles > p. 72
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 5: Earths Magnetic Field (Geomagnetic Field) > Geomagnetic Reversal > p. 74