Which of the following substances are found in the beach sands of many parts of Kerala? I. Ilmenite II. Zircon III. Sillimanite IV. Tungsten Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Kerala’s coastal (beach) placer or heavy-mineral sands are well known to contain ilmenite, zircon and sillimanite among other heavy minerals. The Kerala Department of Mining and Geology lists ilmenite, rutile, leucoxene, monazite, zircon and sillimanite as the principal constituents of the state’s mineral-sand deposits (notably the Chavara barrier beach) [1]. Geological surveys and state-level references similarly describe Kerala beach sands as rich in ilmenite and zircon with appreciable sillimanite occurrences, forming classic black‑sand placer deposits along the coast. Tungsten (scheelite/wolframite) is not reported as a constituent of these Kerala beach‑sand heavy‑mineral assemblages, so only I, II and III are correct.

Sources

1. [1] https://dmg.kerala.gov.in/en/mineral-resources/