Which one of the following is not a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?

Ukraine is not a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The SCO grew out of the ‘Shanghai Five’ process and the 2001 Declaration named China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan as founding participants [1]. The organisation now comprises eight full members — China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India and Pakistan — reflecting expansion since 2001 [2]. Ukraine is not listed among full members; it has been mentioned in sources as one of several countries that have applied for observer or dialogue-partner status rather than having membership [2]. Hence, Ukraine (option 3) is not an SCO member.