In the middle of the year 2008 the Parliament of which one of the following countries became the first in the world to enact a Climate Act by passing 'The Climate Change Accountability Bill' ?

The correct answer is Canada. In June 2008, the Canadian House of Commons passed 'The Climate Change Accountability Bill' (Bill C-377). This legislation was landmark because it aimed to set legally binding long-term targets for greenhouse gas emissions, requiring them to be reduced to 80% below 1990 levels by the year 2050. Although the bill eventually faced hurdles in the Senate and did not become law, its passage by the House in the middle of 2008 is the specific event referred to in the question.