Consider the following crops of India:

1. Cowpea
2. Green gram
3. Pigeon pea

Which of the above is/are used as pulse, fodder and green manure?

Cowpea and Green gram (moong) are short-duration leguminous crops that are widely used as pulses, fodder, and green manure. Their rapid vegetative growth produces significant green biomass, which can be easily ploughed back into the soil as green manure to enrich soil fertility.

Pigeon pea (arhar/tur) is a prominent nitrogen-fixing legume used as a pulse, and its leaves and husks are used as fodder. However, it is not typically used as green manure. It is a long-duration crop that occupies the field for 150 to 200 days. By the time it is harvested, the plant develops a hard, woody (lignified) stem, making it unsuitable to be ploughed back into the soil as succulent green manure.

Therefore, only cowpea and green gram are commonly used for all three purposes.