Which of the following are included in the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

1. A dispute between the Government of India and one or more States
2. A dispute regarding elections to either House of the Parliament or that of Legislature of a State
3. A dispute between the Government of India and a Union Territory
4. A dispute between two or more States

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

According to Article 131 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court possesses exclusive original jurisdiction over federal disputes. This includes:

• A dispute between the Government of India and one or more States (Statement 1 is correct).
• A dispute between the Government of India and any State(s) on one side and one or more States on the other.
• A dispute between two or more States (Statement 4 is correct).

Statement 2 is incorrect. Disputes regarding elections to the Parliament or State Legislatures fall under the original jurisdiction of the High Courts, not the Supreme Court.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Original jurisdiction under Article 131 does not extend to disputes involving Union Territories, as they are centrally administered and do not constitute independent federal units.