Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in

Contour bunding is a soil conservation technique primarily used on sloping and hilly lands to control water erosion and runoff [2]. It involves constructing embankments of soil or stones along the contours of the land to reduce the velocity of surface runoff and promote water infiltration. While it is used in semi-arid and sub-humid areas to combat desertification by harvesting runoff [4], it is not specifically defined by its use in desert margins against wind action (which typically requires shelterbelts), nor in low flat plains (where flooding is the issue), nor for scrubland weed control [5]. Since the primary purpose is managing water erosion on slopes rather than the specific scenarios in options 1, 2, or 3, 'None of the above' is the most accurate choice. The method is most effective in hilly terrains where it prevents the formation of rills and gullies [2].

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > ii) contour Ploughing > p. 19
2. [2] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 6: Soils > 3. Contour Ploughing and Strip Cultivation > p. 23
3. [3] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 15: Regional Development and Planning > Desertification and Desert Development Programme > p. 47
4. [4] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 15: Regional Development and Planning > Desertification and Desert Development Programme > p. 50
5. [5] https://www.goulburn.nsw.gov.au/files/content/public/v/23/development/environment-heritage/ref-gmc-mcgaws-rd-v1.1-with-attachments.pdf