After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/were the measure/measures taken by the colonial government ? 1. The territories called 'Santhal Paraganas' were created. 2. It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The correct answer is option C (Both 1 and 2).

After the Santhal Revolt (1855-56), the Santhal Pargana was created, carving out 5,500 square miles from the districts of Bhagalpur and Birbhum.[1] This confirms that statement 1 is correct.

Regarding statement 2, although the rebellion was crushed, British administrators realised the need to honour local custom in order to maintain peace.[2] The British employed a unique policy in terms of land revenue administration in Santhal Parganas, and the Santhal Parganas Tenancy (Supplementary provisions) Act, 1949, is a codification of many extant rules/regulations as well as Santhal custom[3] that were established after the uprising. These protective measures included restrictions on land transfer to non-Santhals, making statement 2 also correct.

The colonial government recognized that moneylenders (dikus) were charging high rates of interest and taking over the land when debts remained unpaid[1], which had been a major cause of the uprising. Therefore, both administrative and legal measures were implemented to address Santhal grievances.

1. [1] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 9: COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE > 242 THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY – PART III > p. 242