Consider the following pairs : Movement/ Organization : Leader 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League : Mahatma Gandhi 2. All India Kisan Sabha : Swami Sahajanand Saraswati 3. Self-Respect Movement : E. V. Ramaswami Naicker Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

All three pairs are correctly matched, making option D the correct answer.

Pair 1 is correct: Gandhi set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932 while in jail[1], and he later launched a comprehensive campaign against untouchability, conducting a Harijan tour covering 20,000 km from November 1933 to July 1934[1].

Pair 2 is correct: The All India Kisan Sabha was founded in Lucknow in April 1936 with Swami Sahjanand Saraswati[2] as the president, making him the founding leader of this important peasant organization.

Pair 3 is correct: The Self-Respect Movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in the[3] mid-1920s. The movement aimed at rejecting brahminical religion and culture which Naicker felt was the prime instrument of exploitation of the lower castes[3].

Since all three historical associations are accurate, option D (1, 2 and 3) is the correct answer.

1. [1] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and thoughts on Caste > p. 393
2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > The All India Kisan Congress/Sabha > p. 581
3. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > Self-Respect Movement > p. 226