Consider the following statements : 1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air'. 2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. 3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly. 4. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Shows the general pattern that named 'Protocols' (e.g., the Cartagena Protocol) are additional agreements explicitly attached to a particular parent convention.

A student could check whether the Migrant Smuggling Protocol is explicitly described as an additional agreement to UNCAC in authoritative lists (similar to how Cartagena is tied to CBD).

Explains the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol's role as a protocol that establishes rules and procedures under a specific convention, illustrating how protocols implement and extend a convention's scope.

Use this pattern to look for official texts or UN pages stating the Migrant Smuggling Protocol's parent convention (if any) to see if it functions likewise under UNCAC.

Gives the Kyoto Protocol as an example of a protocol to the UNFCCC, reinforcing that protocols are commonly linked to particular UN conventions and named accordingly.

Compare naming/placement conventions: check if the Migrant Smuggling Protocol is listed as a protocol to UNCAC as Kyoto is to UNFCCC.

Describes a 'Supplementary Protocol' that reinforces a parent protocol, showing that international instruments have hierarchical relationships (convention → protocol → supplementary protocol).

A student could search organizational hierarchies of instruments to see whether the Migrant Smuggling instrument sits under UNCAC or under a different convention/framework.

Notes the governmental power/role of 'entering into treaties and agreements' and 'United Nations Organisation', indicating that protocols are formal international treaties requiring explicit attribution to conventions or UN bodies.

Use official treaty depositaries (UN Treaty Collection) or national treaty lists to verify whether the Migrant Smuggling Protocol is deposited as a protocol to UNCAC.