In India, which of the following can be considered as public investment in agriculture ? 1. Fixing Minimum Support Price for agricultural produce of all crops 2. Computerization of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies 3. Social Capital development 4. Free electricity supply to farmers 5. Waiver of agricultural loans by the banking system 6. Setting up of cold storage facilities by the governments Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The exam-style question explicitly lists 'Fixing Minimum Support Price for agriculture produce of all crops' among items to judge as 'public investment in agriculture', indicating this is a debated classification in textbooks.

A student could use this to check official definitions of 'public investment' (capital formation vs revenue support) to see whether MSP matches the criteria.

Defines MSP as the rate at which government purchases are made from farmers for the central pool — showing MSP involves government procurement and expenditure.

Combine this with the student's knowledge that government purchases/stocking create fiscal outlays to assess whether such outlays are treated as investment or revenue expenditure in public accounts.

States it would be 'a huge financial burden and practically not possible' for the government to procure all crops at MSP — implying significant fiscal/recurring cost associated with MSP implementation.

A student could link this to the idea that policies imposing recurring large fiscal burdens are typically treated as subsidies/transfer payments rather than capital investment.

Lists MSP under 'Subsidies' alongside power subsidy and farm credit, implying MSP functions like a price support/subsidy instrument.

Using the standard distinction that subsidies are revenue expenditures, a student could infer MSP is more akin to subsidy/transfer than public capital investment.

Describes implementation of MSP through government schemes (PM-AASHA) with mechanisms like Price Support Scheme and Price Deficiency Payment, showing MSP is operationalised via targeted government programmes.

A student could examine the nature of these schemes (procurement, payments) to judge whether they create durable assets (investment) or are income/support transfers.