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Q77 (IAS/2020) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Gandhian mass movements Official Key

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Acceptance of Gandhiji's suggestion for enquiry into police excesses 4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) included the British government's agreement to withdraw ordinances related to the Civil Disobedience Movement and release political prisoners not charged with violence. It also secured the Congress's participation in the Second Round Table Conference. However, Lord Irwin specifically rejected Mahatma Gandhi's demand for a public inquiry into police excesses to avoid demoralizing the police force. Thus, statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect.
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ? 1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference 2. Withd…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10
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This is a classic 'Terms & Conditions' question found verbatim in standard texts like Spectrum (Chapter 19). The difficulty lies only in recalling the 'Rejected Demands' list. If you memorized what Gandhi *failed* to get (Bhagat Singh's commutation, Police enquiry), the answer is immediate.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Did the Gandhi-Irwin Pact include an invitation to the Indian National Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Nationalism in India > The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 > p. 40
Presence: 5/5
“By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference (the Congress had boycotted the first”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that by the Gandhi–Irwin Pact Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference.
  • Directly links the pact to Congress engagement with the Round Table process.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar > p. 400
Presence: 5/5
“Agitation against 'Cunningham Circular' in Assam. No rent campaign in UP. Mass participation of women, students, some sections of Muslims, merchants and petty traders, tribals, workers and peasants. • Col1: ● Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 1931) Congress agreed to attend Second RTC and to withdraw CDM. • Col1: ● Karachi Congress Session (March 1931) Endorsed Delhi Pact between Gandhi and Irwin. Passed resolutions on economic programme and fundamental rights. • Col1: ● The Round Table Conference The Second RTC Right wing in Britain against concessions to Indians. • Col1: Session got deadlocked on question of safeguards to minorities. ● December 1931 - April 1934: Second phase of Civil Disobedience Movement • Col1: ● Communal Award (1932) and Poona Pact Provided separate electorates to depressed classes.”
Why this source?
  • Summarises the pact as causing the Congress to agree to attend the Second Round Table Conference.
  • Frames the pact as the mechanism by which Congress participation in the RTC was secured.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
Presence: 4/5
“Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani and Srinivasa Sastri appealed to Gandhi to talk with the Viceroy. Gandhi and Irwin reached a compromise which came to be called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (the Delhi Pact). The second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. The Indian National Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative. A. Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya were also there. There were a large number of Indian participants, besides the Congress.”
Why this source?
  • Describes the pact as a compromise between Gandhi and Irwin and notes Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative to the Second RTC.
  • Shows the practical outcome of the pact: Congress representation at the Round Table Conference.
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