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With reference to the "Tea Board" in India, consider the following statements : 1. The Tea Board is a statutory body. 2. It is a regulatory body attached to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. 3. The Tea Board's Head Office is situated in Bengaluru. 4. The Board has overseas offices at Dubai and Moscow. Which of the statements given above are correct ?
Explanation
The correct answer is Option 4 (1 and 4). The explanation for the statements is as follows:
- Statement 1 is correct: The Tea Board of India is a statutory body established under Section 4 of the Tea Act, 1953.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: The Board functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, not the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It acts as a regulatory and developmental body for the tea industry.
- Statement 3 is incorrect: The Head Office of the Tea Board is located in Kolkata, West Bengal, which is historically the hub of India's tea trade, not Bengaluru.
- Statement 4 is correct: To promote Indian tea globally, the Board maintains overseas offices currently located in Dubai (UAE) and Moscow (Russia).
Therefore, since statements 1 and 4 are factual and accurate, Option 4 is the right choice.
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Guest previewThis is a classic 'Ministry Swap' and 'Headquarters Swap' trap. UPSC tests if you can distinguish between the Ministry of Agriculture (production) and Ministry of Commerce (export/trade) for cash crops. The question is fair but punishes those who assume all crops fall under the Agriculture Ministry.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Statement 1: Is the Tea Board of India a statutory body?
- Statement 2: Is the Tea Board of India a regulatory body attached to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare?
- Statement 3: Is the Head Office of the Tea Board of India situated in Bengaluru?
- Statement 4: Does the Tea Board of India have an overseas office in Dubai?
- Statement 5: Does the Tea Board of India have an overseas office in Moscow?
- Directly states the Board was established under a specific Act (Tea Act 1953), indicating creation by statute.
- Notes the Board was established in 1954 as per provisions of the Tea Act, which implies it is a statutory authority functioning under government control.
- Explicitly labels the Tea Board of India as a 'statutory body of the Government of India.'
- Describes the Board's role in promoting production, processing and trading of tea, consistent with functions of a statutory body.
Defines a statutory body as one 'established by the Central Government under the provisions of a law enacted by the Parliament' and gives features (orders have force of law).
A student could check whether the Tea Board was created by a specific Act of Parliament (if yes, it is statutory) or not.
Gives an example (Bar Council of India) that was established under a specific statute (Advocates Act, 1961) and is therefore statutory.
Compare how the Bar Council was created (named Act) with the origin instrument for the Tea Board (look for a founding Act or legislation).
Another example: Animal Welfare Board is statutory and explicitly tied to a specific section of an Act (Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960).
Check for a similar citation of a specific Act/section for the Tea Board in primary legal sources or official websites.
Contrasts a non-statutory advisory body (Law Commission) that is created by government order for a fixed tenure, illustrating the alternate mode of creation.
If the Tea Board were created by executive order or resolution rather than by statute, this pattern would indicate it is non-statutory.
Notes that some bodies are created by executive resolution and later may be 'conferred a statutory status', showing that origin and later legislative change both matter.
Investigate whether the Tea Board's legal status changed over time (initially by resolution vs later by Act) to determine current statutory status.
- Explicitly states which ministry the Tea Board reports to, showing it is not attached to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
- Identifies the Tea Board as functioning under the administrative control of the Central Government in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
- Describes the Tea Board as the apex organization for the tea industry with functions focused on development, promotion and quality — consistent with a specialized board under Commerce rather than being an Agriculture ministry regulatory body.
- Emphasizes industry promotion and export-related activities, aligning with Commerce/Trade responsibilities rather than agricultural administration.
Shows a concrete example where a certification/regulatory office (Directorate of Marketing and Inspection for AGMARK) is described as an 'attached office' of the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare.
A student could use this pattern (commodity/quality-regulatory bodies being attached offices of the Ministry) and check whether the Tea Board is listed similarly under the Ministry or under another ministry/department.
Explains that specific certification systems (PGS-India) are implemented under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, illustrating that the Ministry hosts programmatic/regulatory frameworks for agricultural products.
One can extend this by asking whether tea, as an agricultural commodity, falls under such Ministry-implemented frameworks or under a separate commodity board attached to that Ministry.
States that the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare is the nodal department for the horticulture sector, indicating the Ministry serves as nodal/oversight body for wide agricultural subsectors.
A student could use the nodal-role pattern and consult an official list of nodal agencies/commodity boards to see if the Tea Board is administered by this Department/Ministry.
Gives an example (NPOP vs PGS-India) of different certification/regulatory mechanisms being allocated to different ministries/agencies (Ministry of Commerce via APEDA vs Ministry of Agriculture), showing commodity governance can be split across ministries.
Apply this rule by checking whether tea governance might be under Commerce (export focus) or Agriculture (production/quality focus) rather than assuming it is with one particular Ministry.
Mentions the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation, and Farmers Welfare as the executing agency for national agricultural ICT interventions, reinforcing that the Ministry frequently executes sectoral agricultural functions.
Use this pattern — Ministry as executing/overseeing agency — to look up whether the Tea Board's administrative control fits this common arrangement or is independent/under another ministry.
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- Directly states the location of the Tea Board of India headquarters.
- Names Kolkata (not Bengaluru) as the headquarters, which contradicts the claim.
Lists major tea-growing states and explicitly includes Karnataka among minor tea producers.
A student could note Karnataka's tea role and check whether a national board's head office is sometimes located in a producing state (compare locations of other commodity boards).
Identifies Assam, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu as the principal tea-producing states (with Assam dominant).
A student could use this pattern to hypothesize that a Tea Board HQ might more plausibly be located in or near leading production areas rather than in Karnataka/Bengaluru, and then verify.
Again emphasises Assam, Darjeeling/Jalpaiguri (West Bengal), Tamil Nadu and Kerala as major tea regions.
Use the concentration of production in these states to assess plausibility of a national board being headquartered in a major producing region versus a non-major producer like Karnataka.
Describes the geographic/climatic regions best for tea (Himalayan foothills, certain highlands), highlighting where core production clusters lie.
Compare these geographic clusters to the location of Bengaluru (southern interior) to judge whether Bengaluru sits within primary tea regions—if not, that weakens the expectation the HQ would be there.
Mentions Karnataka in an economic/geographic context (as hinterland for a nearby port), showing Karnataka's regional economic role.
A student could combine Karnataka's economic ties with the fact it is not listed among top tea producers to assess whether Bengaluru is a likely administrative centre for the Tea Board.
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- Explicitly lists the Tea Board's offices and includes Dubai among them.
- Identifies Headquarters location and enumerates overseas offices, directly addressing the question.
- Repeats the same information confirming the list of overseas offices includes Dubai.
- From an official embassy page context, supporting the claim's reliability.
Shows India is a major tea producer and exporter (ranks second globally), implying institutional interest in overseas marketing and export facilitation.
A student could infer that major exporters often maintain overseas offices in key importing markets (check Tea Board office list or major import hubs like Dubai).
Describes the scale and export-orientation of India's tea industry (large production, employment), suggesting government/export bodies may support overseas presence.
Combine this with knowledge of major Gulf importers to assess plausibility of a Tea Board office in Dubai and then verify official Tea Board contacts.
Mentions a world distribution map of tea production, highlighting the global nature of tea trade and potential focus on overseas markets.
Use a world map to identify major import regions (Middle East/Gulf) where a Tea Board office might be strategically placed, then search for offices in those cities (e.g., Dubai).
Notes a recent India–UAE CEPA reducing tariffs and expanding market access, which increases incentives for Indian exporters to strengthen presence in the UAE.
A student could reason that trade agreements raise the chance India would have institutional/export promotion presence in UAE (check if the Tea Board established a Dubai office post-CEPA).
Provides an example of Indian authorities setting up foreign or sub-foreign offices/offices of exchange to serve international needs.
By analogy, one could expect other Indian export-promotion bodies (like the Tea Board) to create overseas offices in major trade/transport hubs — candidate cities include Dubai.
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- Explicitly lists Moscow among the Tea Board of India’s overseas offices.
- Provides additional detail about a dedicated Moscow office operating under the Embassy of India.
- Repeats that the Tea Board’s headquarters is in Kolkata and that it has offices in Moscow.
- Supports the claim by corroborating the office list on an embassy-related page.
Identifies Russia as one of the world's major tea‑drinking countries (lists Russia among nations where tea is the national drink).
A student could infer that India might seek representation or promotion in large tea‑consuming markets like Russia and check Tea Board outreach or offices in Moscow.
States India is a leading producer and significant exporter of tea, implying institutional interest in international markets.
One could reasonably expect export promotion bodies (e.g., Tea Board) to maintain overseas presence in key import markets such as Russia and investigate Tea Board offices list.
Mentions global distribution of tea production (world–distribution map), highlighting the international trade context for tea.
Use the world distribution context to identify major importers/consumers and then look for whether the Tea Board has offices in those countries (e.g., Moscow).
Notes that tea from certain regions is exported, reinforcing that Indian tea participates in international markets.
Combine export emphasis with knowledge of large tea markets (like Russia) to justify checking whether export promotion includes an office in Moscow.
Describes that India establishes principal foreign offices and sub‑offices for international services and export facilitation.
Apply this pattern of setting up foreign offices to export sectors (such as tea) and seek whether the Tea Board follows similar practice by placing an office in Moscow.
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- [THE VERDICT]: **Standard Trap**. Solvable by eliminating the wrong Ministry and wrong HQ. Sources: India Year Book or standard Economic Geography notes.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: **Statutory Commodity Boards**. The distinction between crops managed by the Ministry of Agriculture vs. those managed by the Ministry of Commerce.
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: **Memorize this Table**: 1. **Coffee Board**: HQ Bengaluru, Min of Commerce. 2. **Rubber Board**: HQ Kottayam, Min of Commerce. 3. **Spices Board**: HQ Kochi, Min of Commerce. 4. **Tobacco Board**: HQ Guntur, Min of Commerce. 5. **Coir Board**: HQ Kochi, **Min of MSME** (Exception). 6. **Central Silk Board**: HQ Bengaluru, **Min of Textiles** (Exception).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Create a 'Body-Ministry-HQ' matrix. The rule of thumb: If it is a plantation crop with high export value (Tea, Coffee, Rubber), it is likely under **Commerce**. If it is a fiber (Jute, Silk), it is likely **Textiles**. If it is a food grain, it is **Agriculture**.
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A public body may be either established by a legislative Act (statutory) or created by the Constitution (constitutional), and this classification determines its legal status.
High-yield for UPSC because many questions ask the legal character of commissions and boards; mastering this helps identify which bodies derive authority from Parliament versus the Constitution and the differing implications for powers, tenure and judicial review.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 71: Delimitation Commission of India > COMMISSIONS ESTABLISHED SO FAR > p. 530
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 50: National Commission for BCs > ESTABLISHMENT > p. 440
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 44: Union Public Service Commission > ROLE > p. 426
Bodies established under specific legislation (e.g., Advocates Act; delimitation law) are statutory and derive their powers and duties from that Act.
Useful for answering questions about origin, legal force and enforceability of orders of administrative bodies; connects to topics on legislative competence, administrative law and the consequences of being created by statute.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 71: Delimitation Commission of India > COMMISSIONS ESTABLISHED SO FAR > p. 530
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 69: Bar Council of India > ESTABLISHMENT > p. 520
Some bodies are non-statutory (set up by executive order), created by executive resolution, or registered as societies, giving them different permanence and legal implications than statutory bodies.
Important for distinguishing advisory or autonomous organizations from statutory authorities in governance questions; helps tackle questions on accountability, permanence and administrative control over such bodies.
- Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 70: Law Commission of India > Law Commission of India > p. 525
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 7: Money and Banking > Banking Codes and Standards Board of India > p. 193
- Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 44: Union Public Service Commission > ROLE > p. 426
Understanding what qualifies as an 'attached office' of the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare is central to deciding whether a board falls under that Ministry.
High-yield for UPSC questions on administrative structure: distinguishes governance types (attached office, statutory body, autonomous authority). Helps answer item-selection and matching questions about which organisations report to which ministry and links to public administration and federal governance topics.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > AGMARK > p. 326
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > HORTICULTURE SECTOR > p. 296
Agricultural product regulation is handled by diverse agencies (e.g., AGMARK, FSSAI, APEDA, PGS-India) that may be linked to different ministries or departments.
Important for questions on sectoral regulation, export/import protocols and ministry jurisdictions; clarifies where bodies for certification and market regulation are placed and prepares aspirants to map agencies to ministries in governance and economy papers.
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > AGMARK > p. 326
- Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 9: Agriculture > Importance: > p. 311
- Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > 11.9 Organic Farming > p. 346
Identifies which states (Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, etc.) dominate national tea cultivation and relative area/production shares.
High-yield for polity/economy and geography questions: helps answer location-based questions on regional agro-economics, export patterns and state-level commodity profiles. Connects to topics on regional development, trade and resource distribution; useful for map-based and comparative questions.
- INDIA PEOPLE AND ECONOMY, TEXTBOOK IN GEOGRAPHY FOR CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture > Tea > p. 34
- Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Tea (Camellia sinensis) > p. 41
Tea cultivation requires moderate temperatures, heavy rainfall and well-drained highland slopes, determining its geographic distribution.
Essential for physical geography and agriculture questions: enables reasoning about why tea is concentrated in Himalayan foothills, southern hills and specific microclimates. Links to monsoon patterns, soil types and crop zoning; useful for cause–effect and distribution questions.
- Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Tea > p. 434
- NCERT. (2022). Contemporary India II: Textbook in Geography for Class X (Revised ed.). NCERT. > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > Food Crops other than Grains > p. 86
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The **Coconut Development Board**. Unlike Tea/Coffee (Commerce), the Coconut Board falls under the **Ministry of Agriculture** (HQ: Kochi). This is the perfect 'exception' for a future question to trap students who apply the 'Cash Crop = Commerce' rule blindly.
Use **Geographic Association**. Tea is historically synonymous with Assam and Darjeeling (West Bengal). The British administration for Tea was centered in Calcutta. Therefore, HQ in Bengaluru (South India) is geographically counter-intuitive. Eliminating Statement 3 (Bengaluru) removes Options A and C immediately.
Mains GS-2 (Federalism) & GS-3 (Agriculture): Commodity Boards (Union List Entry 52) regulate cultivation, which is technically a State List subject (Agriculture). This creates a federal tension. Use the Tea Board as a case study for 'Central control over State subjects' in Mains answers.
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