With reference to the writs issued by the Courts in India, consider the following statements: 1. Mandamus will not lie against a private organisation unless it is entrusted with a public duty. 2. Mandamus will not lie against a Company even though it may be a Government Company. 3. Any public minded person can be a petitioner to move the Court to obtain the writ of Quo Warranto. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The correct answer is Option 4 (1, 2 and 3) based on the following legal principles under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution:

• Statement 1 is correct: Mandamus is a judicial remedy in the form of an order to a public body to do its duty. It generally does not lie against private individuals or organizations. However, if a private entity performs a public duty or is backed by a statute, Mandamus can be issued against it.
• Statement 2 is correct: While a Government Company is an "agent" of the State, it is legally a separate juristic entity. Courts have historically held that Mandamus does not lie against a company unless it is performing a statutory duty. In the context of specific judicial precedents often cited in UPSC, this statement is considered technically correct as Mandamus is primarily for administrative/statutory authorities.
• Statement 3 is correct: Unlike other writs where the "Locus Standi" rule is strict, Quo Warranto can be sought by any public-spirited person, even if they are not personally aggrieved, provided it involves a public office of a substantive nature.