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Q73 (IAS/2024) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Nationalist organisations Official Key

Consider the following pairs : 1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh - Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee 2. Socialist Party - C. Rajagopalachari 3. Congress for Democracy - Jagjivan Ram 4. Swatantra Party - Acharya Narendra Dev How many of the above are correctly matched ?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is option B (Only two pairs are correctly matched).

The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951 with Shyama Prasad Mukherjee as its founder-President[1], making pair 1 correct. Jagjivan Ram, Nandini Satpathy and Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna left the Congress of Indira Gandhi to form their own party, Congress for Democracy (CFD)[2], making pair 3 correct as well.

However, pair 2 is incorrect because C. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party[3], not the Socialist Party. Pair 4 is also incorrect since the Swatantra Party was founded by C. Rajagopalachari, not Acharya Narendra Dev.

Therefore, only two pairs (1 and 3) are correctly matched, making option B the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance > Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) > p. 39
  2. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > View > p. 676
  3. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatantra_Party
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Q. Consider the following pairs : 1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh - Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee 2. Socialist Party - C. Rajagopalachari 3. Congress…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 5/10 · 5/10
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This is a 'Reward Question' for reading the NCERT Class XII Political Science book (Politics in India since Independence). The examiner simply took the four most prominent opposition parties mentioned in Chapters 2 and 6 and swapped the founders for two of them. It confirms that Post-Independence History is best covered through NCERTs, not bulky reference books.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee the founder of the Indian political party Bharatiya Jana Sangh?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance > Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS) > p. 39
Presence: 5/5
“The Bharatiya Jana Sangh was formed in 1951 with Shyama Prasad Mukherjee as its founder-President. Its lineage however can be traced back to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Hindu Mahasabha before independence. The Jana Sangh was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes. It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation and believed that the country could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian culture and traditions. The party called for a reunion of India and Pakistan in Akhand Bharat. The party was in forefront of the agitation to replace English with Hindi as the official language of India and was also opposed to the granting of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names the Bharatiya Jana Sangh as formed in 1951 with Shyama Prasad Mukherjee as its founder‑President.
  • Provides direct attribution of party founding to Mukherjee, making the claim unambiguous.
Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance > Era of One-party Dominance 41 > p. 42
Presence: 5/5
“Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (1901-1953): Leader of Hindu Mahasabha; founder of Bharatiya Jana Sangh; Minister in Nehru's first cabinet after independence; resigned in 1950 due to differences over relations with Pakistan; Member of Constituent Assembly and later, the first Lok Sabha; was opposed to India's policy of autonomy to Jammu & Kashmir; arrested during Jana Sangh's agitation against Kashmir policy; died during detention. coalition. The key role of the Congress in the freedom struggle thus gave it a head start over others. As the ability of the Congress to accommodate all interests and all aspirants for political power steadily declined, other political parties started gaining greater significance.”
Why this source?
  • Summarises Mukherjee's biography and explicitly lists him as the founder of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
  • Connects his prior roles (Hindu Mahasabha leader, minister) to his founding role, reinforcing authorship.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 38: Developments under Nehru’s Leadership (1947-64) > Bharatiya Jana Sangh > p. 642
Presence: 4/5
“Similarly, it took a strident stand in favour of Sanskritised Hindi as an official link language of India. (In 1965 it gave up this demand in view of expansion of party in non-Hindi belt and accepted the decision to retain English along with Hindi so long as the non-Hindi states wanted this.) Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, who had resigned from the Nehru cabinet in April 1951 over the Liaquat-Nehru Pact, was the main force behind the formation of the Jana Sangh. Mukherjee claimed it to be a non-communal party aiming to build a broad-based democratic opposition to the Congress. But in the absence of any effective alternative ideology or programme, and mass support, the party became a subsidiary of the RSS.”
Why this source?
  • Describes Mukherjee as the main force behind the formation of the Jana Sangh, supporting his central role in founding the party.
  • Notes his resignation from Nehru's cabinet and political motivations that led to the party's formation.
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