GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN? I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity. II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management. III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

GAGAN is a satellite-based augmentation system and stands for GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation which is a joint project between ISRO and the Airports Authority of India.[1]

Statement I is correct: The main objectives of GAGAN are to provide Satellite-based Navigation services with accuracy and integrity required for civil aviation applications and to provide better Air Traffic Management over Indian Airspace.[2]

Statement II is correct: GAGAN will also provide the capability for increased accuracy in position reporting, allowing for more uniform and high-quality Air Traffic Management (ATM).[3]

Statement III is incorrect: While GAGAN has a primary role in aviation, there are also other applications (e.g. precision agriculture, marine and land transport, mapping/surveying).[4] This clearly shows that GAGAN's benefits extend beyond aviation to other modes of transportation and applications.

Therefore, only statements I and II are correct, making option D the right answer.

1. [1] Indian Economy, Nitin Singhania .(ed 2nd 2021-22) > Chapter 14: Service Sector > Note: > p. 434
2. [2] https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indigo-uses-new-indian-navigation-technology-gagan-to-land-passenger-aircraft-11651201034242.html
3. [3] https://www.ursc.gov.in/navigation/gagan.jsp
4. [4] https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2019/07/the-space-economy-in-figures_518092bf/c5996201-en.pdf