Consider the following diseases : 1. Cholera 2. Tuberculosis 3. Filaria 4. Typhoid Which of the above diseases are caused by bacteria?

Cholera is an infectious bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which typically infects the small intestine through contaminated water [5]. Tuberculosis (TB) is also a bacterial infection, specifically caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs [4]. Typhoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi (or Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi), which spreads through contaminated food and water [3]. In contrast, Filaria (Lymphatic Filariasis) is not a bacterial disease; it is caused by parasitic filarial nematodes (roundworms) such as Wuchereria bancrofti. Therefore, among the listed diseases, Cholera (1), Tuberculosis (2), and Typhoid (4) are bacterial in origin, while Filaria (3) is parasitic. This makes option 4 (1, 2, and 4) the correct choice.

Sources

1. [4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7184225/
2. [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio
3. [1] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 34
4. [2] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > Consequences of Water Pollution > p. 37
5. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 8: Natural Hazards and Disaster Management > Cholera > p. 80