Which among the following is the popular method for manufacture of ammonia ?

The Haber-Bosch process is the standard industrial method for the large-scale production of ammonia (NH3). Developed by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch in the early 20th century, it revolutionized agriculture by enabling the mass production of synthetic fertilizers.

• Process: It involves the direct combination of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gas.
• Conditions: The reaction is carried out under high pressure (approximately 150–250 atmospheres) and high temperature (400–500°C) in the presence of an iron catalyst.

Regarding other options:

• Ostwald's process is the industrial method for manufacturing nitric acid (HNO3) by oxidizing ammonia.
• Electrolysis is primarily used for producing high-purity hydrogen or aluminum, though it is becoming relevant for 'Green Ammonia' production.
• Electric furnace process is typically used in the production of phosphorus or steel.