Which one of the following terms is associated with the practice of Sufism?

The term 'Murid' is directly associated with the practice of Sufism, referring to a disciple or seeker who follows a spiritual guide known as a Pir or Shaykh. In the Sufi tradition, the relationship between the Pir (master) and the Murid (disciple) is fundamental for spiritual initiation and guidance. While 'Muqaddam' can sometimes refer to a mid-level leader or advanced initiate in certain Sufi orders, 'Murid' is the standard term for a practitioner. In contrast, other options belong to different Islamic contexts: 'Jizya' is a poll tax historically levied on non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis), and 'Ijma' refers to the consensus of the community or scholars, serving as a source of Islamic jurisprudence (Shari'a) alongside the Qur'an and Hadith. 'Muqaddam' also historically referred to a village headman in the administrative context of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire.

Sources

1. [1] THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions > Shari'a > p. 149
2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Akbar's Religious Policy > p. 207