Which of the following regions/cells in the human body is involved in controlling blood sugar level?

The Islets of Langerhans are the endocrine regions of the pancreas responsible for regulating blood sugar levels [t8][t9]. These clusters contain specialized cells, primarily beta cells and alpha cells [t8]. Beta cells act as glucose sensors and secrete insulin when blood sugar levels rise, facilitating glucose uptake by body cells [c1][t5]. Conversely, alpha cells secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose to increase circulating sugar levels [t8]. While the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate general metabolism and other endocrine functions, the direct detection and immediate hormonal response to blood glucose fluctuations occur within these pancreatic islets [c1][t2]. The spleen is primarily involved in immune function and blood filtration rather than glucose regulation. Thus, the Islets of Langerhans are the primary site for maintaining glucose homeostasis [t5][t10].

Sources

1. [1] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Control and Coordination > Do You Know? > p. 111
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell
3. [3] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8115730/