Which of the following statements regarding Mughal paintings is/are correct ? 1. The paintings of Akbar s time were mostly confined to book illustrations and portraits. 2. Mir Sayyid Ali of Herat and Khwaja Abdus Samad formed the nucleus of the Mughal School of painting which fused together the non-Islamic and Islamic elements. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Mughal painting reached significant heights under Akbar, primarily focusing on book illustrations and portraits. His reign saw the production of elaborate illustrated manuscripts like the Tutinama and Hamzanama, which required the coordination of calligraphers and painters [t2][t6]. While portraiture flourished, it was often part of these larger manuscript projects or individual studies of nobles [t2]. The foundation of this school was laid by Mir Sayyid Ali and Khwaja Abdus Samad, Persian masters brought to India by Humayun [c1][t4]. They formed the nucleus of the Mughal atelier, where they trained Indian artists, leading to a unique synthesis of Persian (Islamic) and indigenous Indian (non-Islamic) styles [t1][t3]. This fusion incorporated Central Asian influences and later European elements, creating a distinct syncretic artistic tradition that defined the Mughal school [c1][t5].

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Paintings > p. 218
2. [2] https://www.rub.ac.bd/assets/files/publication/publication6/14.%20Siful%20&%20Shakti.pdf
3. [3] https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/144508704.pdf
4. [4] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lefa103.pdf
5. [5] https://archive.org/download/LandRevenueAdministrationUnderTheMughals_201710/A%20critical%20study%20of%20Mughal%20paintings%20during%20Akbars%20reign.pdf