Which one of the following is a waterborne disease?

Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms transmitted through contaminated water. Jaundice is a clinical manifestation often associated with Hepatitis A, which is explicitly identified as a waterborne disease spread through contaminated water and food [3]. While some sources mention Tuberculosis in the context of polluted water, it is primarily classified as an airborne disease transmitted through respiratory secretions and droplets [3]. Rabies (referred to as Rabica in the options) is a zoonotic disease typically transmitted through animal bites or scratches [3]. Arthritis is a non-communicable inflammatory condition of the joints and is not caused by waterborne pathogens. Therefore, among the given options, Jaundice (as a symptom of waterborne viral hepatitis) is the most appropriate answer [4]. Access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation are the primary methods for preventing such outbreaks [2].

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 6: Environmental Degradation and Management > Consequences of Water Pollution > p. 37
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_disease
3. [3] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Health: The Ultimate Treasure > Activity 3.4: Let us find out > p. 34
4. [4] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > z. Effects on human health: > p. 75