Which one among the following was NOT a Panch Sheel principle?

The Panchsheel, or the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, was formally enunciated in the 1954 Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between India and the Tibet region of China [1][3]. The five core principles are: (i) mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty; (ii) mutual non-aggression; (iii) mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs; (iv) equality and mutual benefit; and (v) peaceful co-existence [1][2]. These principles were later adopted by the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations General Assembly as a framework for international relations [4]. Nuclear deterrence is a strategic military doctrine aimed at preventing aggression through the threat of nuclear retaliation; it was never a part of the Panchsheel framework, which focused on diplomatic harmony and peaceful engagement between newly independent states [1][3]. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is the incorrect principle among the options provided.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 88: Foreign Policy > El l Panchsheel > p. 609
2. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 36: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy > Panchsheel > p. 623
3. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > First Non-Aligned Conference, Belgrade > p. 251
4. [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 36: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy > p. 625