Before the inception of the First Five year Plan, which among the following Plans were initiated in India ? 1. Bombay Plan 2. Peoples Plan 3. Sarvodaya Plan 4. Gandhian Plan Select the answer using the code given below :

All four plans mentioned were significant precursors to formal economic planning in India, which officially began with the First Five-Year Plan in 1951. Their details are as follows:

• Bombay Plan (1944): Formulated by eight leading industrialists (including J.R.D. Tata and G.D. Birla), it proposed a doubling of per capita income and emphasized state intervention in heavy industries.
• Gandhian Plan (1944): Drafted by Shriman Narayan Agarwal, it prioritized decentralization, rural development, and the promotion of cottage industries.
• People’s Plan (1945): Drafted by M.N. Roy on behalf of the Indian Federation of Labour, it focused on the nationalization of land and prioritized agriculture and consumer goods.
• Sarvodaya Plan (1950): Formulated by Jai Prakash Narayan, it was inspired by Gandhian principles and Vinoba Bhave’s ideas, advocating for self-sufficiency and land reforms.

Since all these plans were initiated between 1944 and 1950, Option D is correct.