An offshore terminal at Vadinar has been developed to reduce pressure from which of the following major ports in India ?

The offshore terminal at Vadinar was specifically developed to reduce the pressure on the Kandla Port (now known as Deendayal Port). Kandla Port, located at the head of the Gulf of Kutch, was established after Independence to compensate for the loss of Karachi Port to Pakistan [3]. As a major tidal port, Kandla handles significant volumes of petroleum, petroleum products, and fertilizers [3]. To manage the increasing demand for crude oil imports and to accommodate Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) that cannot enter the shallower waters of the main Kandla channel, the Vadinar offshore terminal was established [3]. It features Single Point Mooring (SPM) facilities that allow large tankers to offload crude oil via submerged pipelines to refineries, such as those in Bina and Jamnagar, thereby decongesting the primary port facilities at Kandla [3].

Sources

1. [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 12: Transport, Communications and Trade > Ports > p. 19
2. [3] https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/form-1A/PFR/0_0_06_Dec_2013_115739350_1A1A_pfr.pdf