Which of the following occupations are included under secondary sector as per the national income accounts ? 1. Manufacturing 2. Construction 3. Gas and water supply 4. Mining and quarrying Select the correct answer using the codes given below—

In national income accounting, the secondary sector involves the transformation of raw materials into finished goods. This sector includes manufacturing, construction, and utility services such as electricity, gas, and water supply [4]. Manufacturing involves processing raw materials in factories [1], while construction covers buildings and infrastructure [1]. Utilities like gas and water supply are categorized here as they involve the production and distribution of essential industrial outputs [4]. Conversely, mining and quarrying are generally classified under the primary sector because they involve the direct extraction of natural resources from the earth. While some historical or specific international classifications (like China's) might group mining with industry, standard Indian national income accounts and general economic theory place mining in the primary sector as it is an extractive activity. Therefore, only manufacturing, construction, and gas/water supply are included in the secondary sector.

Sources

1. [1] Exploring Society:India and Beyond. Social Science-Class VI . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 14: Economic Activities Around Us > B. Secondary activities > p. 199
2. [4] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sector.asp