Light-emitting diode (LED) converts—

A Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into light energy [1]. This conversion occurs through a process known as electroluminescence [3]. When an electric current flows through the LED, electrons from the n-region cross the p-n junction and recombine with holes in the p-region [4]. During this recombination, energy is released in the form of photons (light). Unlike traditional incandescent lamps that rely on a filament getting hot to glow, LEDs are more efficient modern light sources that consume less power and produce light directly from the movement of electrons. While some electrical energy may be lost as heat, the primary function and conversion mechanism of an LED is the transformation of electrical potential energy into visible light [3].

Sources

1. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics
2. [3] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: Electricity: Circuits and their Components > In a Nutshell > p. 37
3. [4] Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Light: Shadows and Reflections > SCIENCE AND SOCIETY > p. 154