Which of the following is/are the characteristics) of the Sannyasi and Fakir uprisings ? 1. These uprisings refer to a series of skirmishes between the English East India Company and a group of sannyasis and fakirs. 2. One reason for the uprising was the ban on free movement of the sannyasis along pilgrimage routes. 3. In the course of the uprisings in 1773, Warren Hastings issued a proclamation banishing all sannyasis from Bengal and Bihar. 4. Are contemporaneous with the Non-Cooperation Movement. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

The Sannyasi and Fakir uprisings (1770–1820s) were early resistance movements against the British East India Company in Bengal and Bihar [1]. Statement 1 is correct as the rebellion involved violent skirmishes between the Company's forces and groups of Hindu and Muslim ascetics [2]. Statement 2 is accurate; a primary cause was the restriction imposed by the Company on the free movement of these mendicants along traditional pilgrimage routes, coupled with harsh land revenue policies [3]. Statement 3 is also correct; in 1773, Governor-General Warren Hastings issued a proclamation banishing sannyasis from Bengal and Bihar, labeling them 'robbers' and 'vagrants' [2]. Statement 4 is incorrect because the Non-Cooperation Movement occurred much later, in 1920–1922, whereas these uprisings declined after 1800 [1].

Sources

1. [1] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > The 'Sannyasi-Fakir rebellion' > p. 105
2. [2] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > The 'Sannyasi-Fakir rebellion' > p. 106
3. [3] https://ia801506.us.archive.org/10/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.129843/2015.129843.The-Sannyasi-Rebellion_text.pdf