The 11th Schedule of the Constitution of India distributes powers between

The 11th Schedule of the Constitution of India, added by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, distributes powers and functional responsibilities between the State Legislatures and the Panchayats [2]. Article 243G specifically empowers the Legislature of a State to endow Panchayats with such authority as necessary to function as institutions of self-government [1]. This includes the devolution of powers regarding the preparation and implementation of plans for economic development and social justice concerning the 29 functional items listed in the Eleventh Schedule [4]. These items include agriculture, land improvement, and rural housing, among others [4]. While the Gram Sabha forms the foundation of the system, the formal distribution of legislative and executive competence over these 29 subjects is a matter of devolution from the State Legislature to the various levels of Panchayats.

Sources

1. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 39: Panchayati Raj > Significance of the Act > p. 388
2. [1] Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 8: LOCAL GOVERNMENTS > Transfer of Subjects > p. 185
3. [4] https://hmmcollege.ac.in/uploads/dept_teaching_plan/Structure_and_Role_of_Panchayet.pdf