Which one of the following was added as a fundamental duty through the Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002?

The Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002, introduced significant changes to the Indian Constitution regarding education. It inserted Article 21A as a Fundamental Right, providing free and compulsory education to children aged 6 to 14 [2]. Crucially, it also amended Article 51A (Fundamental Duties) by adding a new clause (k). This clause mandates that it is the duty of every parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years [5]. While the 42nd Amendment of 1976 originally introduced ten fundamental duties, including striving for excellence in individual and collective activity (clause j), the 86th Amendment specifically added the eleventh duty concerning education [5]. Other options like promoting harmony or welfare of women were already part of the original list or are not specific to this amendment [5].

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties IJl > p. 133
2. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > D I Right to Education > p. 90
3. [3] https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/amend86.pdf
4. [5] https://svlnsgdc.ac.in/userfiles/mygov_157969378664705891.pdf