Statement I : The city of Rome revived in a spectacular way in the 15th century. Statement 11 : From the 15th century onwards, artists were known individually by name, not as member of a group or a guild, in Roman society.

Statement I is true as the city of Rome underwent a spectacular revival in the 15th century following the end of the Papal Schism in 1417 [2]. Popes like Martin V and Nicholas V returned to Rome, initiating massive reconstruction projects and encouraging the study of Roman history and classical architecture [2]. Statement II is also true; the Renaissance period marked a shift where artists were increasingly recognized as individual intellectuals rather than anonymous craftsmen or mere guild members [5]. This rise of individualism and humanism transformed the status of artists like Donatello and Michelangelo [6]. However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I. The revival of Rome was primarily driven by political stability, papal patronage, and the rediscovery of classical ruins [3], rather than the specific change in how artists were named or organized.

Sources

1. [1] Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Changing Cultural Traditions > Architecture > p. 113
2. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Renaissance
3. [3] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Modern World: The Age of Reason > Italy as the birthplace of Renaissance > p. 131
4. [4] https://www.britannica.com/art/Renaissance-art
5. [5] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 10: Modern World: The Age of Reason > Significance of Renaissance > p. 130
6. [6] Themes in world history, History Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Changing Cultural Traditions > Artists and Realism > p. 112