Which of the following statements concerning Mediterranean climatic region are correct? 1. It is found in the latitude range 30° to 45° northern and southern hemisphere 2. Mediterranean climate experiences extreme temperature conditions 3. In Mediterranean climate, rainfall occurs mainly during summer season 4. In Mediterranean climate, rainfall is mainly due to Westerlies Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The Mediterranean climate is found on the western margins of continents between 30° and 45° North and South latitudes [1]. Statement 1 is correct. Unlike continental climates, it does not experience extreme temperature conditions; instead, it is characterized by mild, cool winters and warm to hot summers, often described as a favorable and moderate climate [2]. Thus, statement 2 is incorrect. A defining feature of this region is the seasonal shift in wind belts: during summer, it is under the influence of dry subtropical high-pressure cells, leading to drought. In winter, the equatorward shift of the Westerlies brings cyclonic rainfall. Therefore, rainfall occurs mainly in winter, not summer, making statement 3 incorrect and statement 4 correct. Consequently, only statements 1 and 4 are accurate.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Distribution > p. 448
2. [2] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 19: The Warm Temperate Western Margin (Mediterranean) Climate > Fis.19.3(b) > p. 183