Who among the following anticipated Newton by declaring that all things gravitate to the earth ?

The correct answer is Brahmagupta. Historical summaries attribute to Brahmagupta (author of the Brahmasphutasiddhanta) an early statement that bodies are attracted toward the Earth, a view often cited as an anticipation of Newton’s law of gravitation [2]. By contrast, Aryabhata is noted for explaining the apparent daily motion of the heavens by Earth’s rotation, and Varahamihira produced encyclopedic works on astronomy and natural history — contributions different in focus from an explicit statement of terrestrial attraction [1]. Thus, among the options given, Brahmagupta is the figure credited with declaring that all things gravitate to the earth [2].

Sources

1. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta
2. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Mathematics and Astronomy > p. 100