Of the four landmarks in medical history given below, which one was the first to take place ?

Plastic surgery is the earliest. Ancient Indian surgeon Sushruta (circa 600 BCE) provided detailed descriptions of rhinoplasty, forehead-flap reconstruction and numerous plastic surgical techniques in the Sushruta Samhita, earning him recognition as a founder of reconstructive surgery [1]. Those documented procedures—skin grafts and nasal reconstruction—date back over two millennia and therefore precede the advent of modern organ transplantation, coronary artery bypass grafting and in‑vitro fertilization, which are developments of the 19th–20th centuries. Given this timeline, reconstructive/plastic surgery as practiced in ancient India is the first event among the options listed.

Sources

1. [1] https://columbiasurgery.org/news/2015/05/28/history-medicine-ancient-indian-nose-jobs-origins-plastic-surgery