Assertion (A) : According to Asoka’s edicts social harmony among the people was more important than religious devotion. Reason (R) : He spread ideas of equity instead of promotion of religion.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Ashoka’s edicts, particularly Major Rock Edict XII, emphasize "Saar-vridhi" (growth of the essential spirit of all sects) and religious tolerance. He prioritized social harmony over narrow sectarian devotion, believing that honoring other faiths strengthens one's own. This supports Assertion (A), as his concept of Dhamma was a socio-ethical code intended to maintain peace in a diverse empire.

Reason (R) correctly explains this because Ashoka did not promote a specific theology or religious dogma. Instead, he propagated Dhamma, which was rooted in equity, moral conduct, and social responsibility. By substituting religious ritualism with ethical ideas like non-violence and mutual respect, he aimed to create a harmonious social fabric. Therefore, R is the logical foundation for A, making Option 1 the correct choice.