Consider the following statements: 1. The Islamic Calendar is twelve days shorter than the Gregorian Calendar. 2. The Islamic Calendar began in AD 632. 3. The Gregorian Calendar is a solar calendar. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Statement 1 is essentially correct in meaning: the Islamic (Hijri) calendar is purely lunar with a year of about 354 days, which makes it roughly 10–11 days shorter than the Gregorian solar year, so lunar dates move earlier each Gregorian year [2]. Statement 2 is incorrect: the Hijri calendar’s epoch is the Hijra in 622 CE, not AD 632. Statement 3 is correct: the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar designed to align the year with the seasons (about 365 days, with leap-year corrections) [3]. Therefore the true statements are 1 (in the intended sense) and 3, so option 3 is correct.

Sources

1. [1] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Keeping Time with the Skies > 11.2.1 Lunar calendars > p. 179
2. [2] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Keeping Time with the Skies > Discover, design, and debate > p. 189
3. [3] Science ,Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 11: Keeping Time with the Skies > 11.2.2 Solar calendars > p. 180