Consider the following regions : 1. Eastern Himalayas 2. Eastern Mediterranean region 3. North-western Australia Which of the above is/are Biodiversity Hotspot(s) ?

Eastern Himalayas is explicitly identified as a biodiversity hotspot (Eastern Himalaya), covering north‑east India, Sikkim, Bhutan, western Myanmar and Yunnan [1]. The Mediterranean Basin, including its eastern coastal region (Eastern Mediterranean), is also listed as a global biodiversity hotspot and noted for a very high number of endemic plant species [2]. By contrast, the recognised Australian hotspot in standard lists is “South‑Western Australia” (south‑west), not north‑western Australia, so north‑western Australia is not a designated global hotspot [3]. Given these listings and the hotspot criteria of high endemism plus high threat, only regions 1 and 2 qualify — hence option 2 (1 and 2 only) is correct.

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Himalayas and east and south east Asia > p. 8
2. [2] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > europe and central Asia > p. 7
3. [3] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 4: BIODIVERSITY > Himalayas and east and south east Asia > p. 9