Which of the following are included in Bharatmala Pariyojana? 1. Road connectivity to border areas 2. Development of coastal roads 3. Connectivity for non-major ports 4. Integration with Sagarmala Select the answer using the code given below.

Bharatmala Pariyojana is a comprehensive umbrella program for the highways sector aimed at optimizing freight and passenger movement. Its key components include the development of Economic Corridors, Inter-corridors, and Feeder Routes [1]. Specifically, the program includes the development of road connectivity to border and international areas [1]. It also focuses on the development of coastal roads and providing road connectivity for non-major ports to bridge infrastructure gaps [1]. Furthermore, Bharatmala is designed to integrate with the Sagarmala project to ensure seamless port-led development and multimodal integration. By addressing these diverse areas, the project aims to improve logistics efficiency and enhance the National Corridor's capacity [1]. Since all four components—border connectivity, coastal roads, non-major port connectivity, and integration with Sagarmala—are explicitly part of the scheme's vision and implementation framework, option 4 is correct.

Sources

1. [1] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 14: Infrastructure and Investment Models > Bharatmala Pariyojana: > p. 410