Assertion (A) : “DNA Finger- printing” has become a powerful tool to establish paternity and identity of criminals in rape and assault cases. Reason (R) : Trace evidences such as hairs, saliva and dried semen are adequate for DNA analysis.

Assertion (A) is correct: DNA “fingerprinting” (DNA profiling) is widely used for establishing paternity and identifying perpetrators in sexual‑assault and related criminal cases. Reason (R) is also correct in substance: biological trace materials such as hairs, saliva and dried semen are routinely targeted because they can contain the victim’s or perpetrator’s DNA suitable for profiling and case comparison. Modern forensic workflows (extraction, PCR/STR amplification and comparison) can recover and analyse very small amounts of DNA, allowing identity or kinship matches from trace samples, so R explains why A is possible [1]. Practical limitations (degradation, low template, contamination) may affect success but do not invalidate the explanatory link.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/external/doc/en/assets/files/other/icrc_002_4010.pdf