Which one of the following was a Saiva sect in ancient India ?

The correct answer is Mattamayura. Historical question banks and summaries identify Mattamayura specifically as a Shaiva (Saiva) group in ancient India, cited in records linked with regional dynasties and Shaiva traditions . By contrast, the Ajivikas were a distinct ascetic/philosophical sect associated with determinist doctrine and known mainly from Buddhist and Jain sources, not a Shaiva sect [2]. The other options (Mayamata, Isanasivagurudevapaddhati) are textual/ritual works or manuals associated with temple architecture and Shaiva ritual literature rather than names of an organized Shaiva sect. Therefore Mattamayura best fits the description of a Saiva sect in the given choices .

Sources

1. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Rise of Territorial Kingdoms and New Religious Sects > 3.4 Ajivikas > p. 37
2. [2] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 3: Rise of Territorial Kingdoms and New Religious Sects > Ajivikas in Tamil Land > p. 38